机械中齿轮传动噪音产生的原因

齿轮运行振动速度过快，主要是在齿轮传动中频率过快，造成的齿轮之间振动频率过快导致的。齿轮运行中振动速度快，将影响振动的频率，产生噪音。

这里将齿轮传动看成一个振动的弹簧体系，齿轮自然成为这个体系中的一份子。当齿轮受到不同程度的载荷时，振动的频率、扭转的方向也会不同，多数会形成圆周方向的振动力。加上齿轮本身在处理噪音方面的问题，就会形成平顺而不尖叫的噪音。

共振能够产生噪音是每个人都知道的，齿轮传动作为在生产间工作的主要方式，自然也会在运行中出现共振的情况。通过齿轮传动带来的共振是基于齿轮自身刚性差产生的振动，以及齿轮之间摩擦产生的振动在同一个振动的频率上，这时二者相互作用就容易产生共振的情况，出现共振带来的噪音。

众所周知，两种物体如果是平滑的，那么在相互摩擦时产生的振动就小，振动频率和高频波也会小，产生的噪音程度自然也小。但是，很多的齿轮表面过于粗糙，相互摩擦时摩擦面大，振动频率高，产生的噪音也就大并且多。

在齿轮保养和噪音降低中，不仅仅是好的润滑剂可以降低齿轮之间的摩擦振动，好的润滑剂使用方法也是降低和减少噪音的重要方法。传统的润滑剂使用方法是在齿轮表面加大润滑剂剂量，使其在运转中降低摩擦，但这种方法对噪音降低收效甚微。以国外对齿轮保养和降低噪音对润滑作用的使用看，更注重润滑方法，即通过润滑剂充分注入齿轮内部的方法，降低噪音。

总体来说，基于齿轮传动产生噪音的原因，将其归结为载荷、振动频率、齿轮摩擦以及轴承转动，因此，在对齿轮进行噪音的预防上面，也应该基于这几点进行重点研究。

针对载荷主要是依据齿轮的承受的生产重量而言，因此，在对相应生产产品进行齿轮选择时，要依产品所能承受的生产重量而定，即根据不同产品所需要的重量对齿轮进行适当的调换，避免部分齿轮传动过程中不能承受相应的重量产生噪音。

部分齿轮之间由于摩擦大，速度快，造成振动速度过快而产生噪音，在对齿轮进行设计中，应当注意齿轮的运动速度，即在一定时间内规定其应当运行的周数，而不是任其过快转动。

正如上面说到的，齿轮之间摩擦过大，振动过大，相应产生的噪音也会很大，为减少齿轮之间的摩擦，在选择齿轮时尽量应当选择外表平滑的齿轮，切记不能选择外表粗糙，摩擦力大的齿轮，此外，也可以在齿轮中注入润滑剂，提升齿轮件的有效运转。

不仅要求设计者对齿轮轴承的设计，也包括了检验者对齿轮轴承周数的监管，要求，设计者对设计的试论轴承保证期能够承受齿轮传动中应该能承受的误差，以及设计齿轮中预测出的可能存在一定合理范围内的设计缺陷。

对于齿轮润滑方面降低噪音，不应该只是从润滑剂的选择上入手，还应当创新齿轮润滑的方法，节约润滑剂使用同时，提升齿轮使用效率并降低噪音，尽管研究表明，离心润滑法是能够有降低齿轮噪音的最为有效的方法，即在规定时间范围内对齿轮箱进行检查，及时更换严重损坏和质量下降的齿轮，在此基础上，在齿轮的底端钻一小孔，利用离心力的特点，通过小孔进行润滑剂的注入工作，同时也对使用过得润滑剂废料进行排除，通过这种方法能够有效的使齿轮之间进行有效摩擦，避免因润滑效果不佳带来齿轮传动噪音。

由于齿形误差，产生齿轮的齿顶啮合，啮合精度交叉，为了提高啮合精度我们采用齿形修正法消除齿轮的噪音效果也很好。首先，我们在齿轮上涂上红丹粉进行啮合，然后用什锦修正齿轮的啮合点，使齿轮的啮合点尽量分布在分度圆附近，提高齿轮的啮合精度。

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